Programming from First Principles

Learn to read and reason about basic R programs without prior coding experience. Work with objects, vectors, one-based indexing, logical filters, missing values, functions, loops and data frames. Prerequisites: arithmetic and descriptive statistics. Questions progress from individual operations to debugging and validating small reusable calculations. These are single-select and multiselect code-interpretation exercises, with step-by-step explanations of outputs and common mistakes.

Cover: Photo by Markus Spiske on Pexels.