Sampling Biases, Observational Studies & Controlled Experiments

Build practical confidence in sampling biases, observational studies & controlled experiments through 20 original single-select and multiselect questions. Prerequisites: Population, sample and sampling-design vocabulary.

Diagnose selection, voluntary response and nonresponse bias. Identify response and social desirability effects. Separate observation from randomized intervention. Recognize confounding and alternative explanations. Evaluate masking and placebo comparisons. Assess survivorship, attrition and limits of causal generalization. Questions progress from basic recognition to application, interpretation and diagnostic challenges. Worked feedback explains the reasoning and the alternatives; no programming or calculus is needed.

Further reading: Reference 1; Reference 2.

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