MML-10-07: Hypothesis Testing Foundations: p-Values, Significance & Errors (Type I/II) – Practice Quiz

35 worked single-select and multiselect questions on Hypothesis Testing Foundations: $p$-Values, Significance & Errors (Type I/II). Intended level: Tier 1–3. Prerequisites: QS 10.6.

The sequence develops conceptual interpretation, explicit calculations, ML diagnostics and, where assigned, derivations with carefully stated assumptions. Feedback explains each answer and misconception by content.

Learning objectives: State null and alternative hypotheses before seeing results. Interpret tail-area evidence without posterior-probability confusion. Identify Type I and Type II errors and calculate power. Compute simple exact and normal-reference p-values. Separate statistical significance from standardized effect size. Apply Bonferroni and Benjamini–Hochberg adjustments. Diagnose optional stopping, data reuse and selective reporting.

Study references: Shedden, University of Michigan, Introduction to Data Science; Stark, Berkeley Statistics 210B.